El Nino

The diagram shows how the El Nino phenomenon affects the weather in different parts of the Pacific Ocean.

Overall, changes in the Pacific's prevailing winds cause drought in the western Pacific. Meanwhile, there is more rainfall, as well as the reduction in fish numbers in the east.

With regards to the Western part of the Pacific Ocean, the winds under El Nino conditions are stronger than under normal conditions. Consequently, storm clouds are blown eastward making Australia suffer from droughts. Indeed, this has changed the original climate in this country which is rainy under normal conditions. At the same time, warm water moves from the western to the eastern Pacific due to the influence of El Nino, as opposed to the usual westward Pacific current.

Turning to the reverse situation in the East Pacific, this area experiences weaker trade winds under the impact of El Nino compared to the normal strong trade winds. As a result, storm clouds move towards the Eastern region causing heavy rains and wetness in Peru, where the original weather is hot and sunny. Last but not least, cool and nutrient-rich water, which usually rises off the coast of Peru and enables the growth of fish numbers, is now prevented due to the effect of El Nino. The follow-up consequence is the lack of nutrients resulting in less fish in the east.

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